Ear Hematomas in Dogs
By the As The Fur Flies team
A dog hematoma, also known as an auricular hematoma or "cauliflower ear," is a condition that affects the pinna — the floppy outer part of a dog's ear. It occurs when blood accumulates between the layers of cartilage in the ear, causing swelling and a characteristic swollen, bruised appearance.
What causes them
The most common cause of a dog hematoma is trauma or injury to the ear. This can happen when a dog shakes its head vigorously or scratches its ears due to allergies, ear infections, or ear mites. The forceful movement can cause blood vessels within the ear to rupture, leading to bleeding and the formation of a hematoma.
This can also happen after removing matting from the ear, as the release of pressure on the skin can cause the dog to shake their head. This is not an injury caused by the groomer, but simply the formerly restricted blood flow returning too rapidly to the ear.
Signs to look for
- Swelling: the affected ear may become swollen and feel warm to the touch.
- Bruising: the ear may appear bruised or discolored due to the accumulation of blood.
- Pain or discomfort: your dog may show signs of pain when the affected ear is touched or handled.
- Head shaking or scratching: dogs with a hematoma often shake their heads or scratch at their ears trying to relieve the discomfort.
If left untreated, a hematoma can lead to complications such as infection or the formation of scar tissue, which can affect the shape and function of the ear. If you suspect your dog has one, see your veterinarian.
How they're treated
Treatment typically involves draining the accumulated blood from the ear using a syringe or needle. In some cases the veterinarian may also place a drain or use sutures to prevent further accumulation. Pain medication and antibiotics may be prescribed to manage pain and prevent infection.
How to help prevent them
1. Clean the ears regularly
Clean your dog's ears to remove dirt, debris and excess wax. Use a veterinarian-recommended ear cleaner and follow the instructions provided. Be gentle, and avoid inserting anything deep into the ear canal.
2. Check the ears often
Inspect your dog's ears for redness, swelling, discharge or foul odor. These can indicate an underlying infection or other issue that may lead to a hematoma. If you notice anything unusual, consult your veterinarian.
3. Prevent ear infections
Ear infections are a common cause of hematomas. Keep your dog's ears dry, especially after swimming or bathing. Avoid excessive water or harsh chemicals when cleaning, as this can disrupt the natural balance of the ear canal. If your dog is prone to infections, ask your vet about preventive measures.
4. Manage allergies
Allergies cause itching and inflammation, which lead to excessive scratching and potential trauma. Work with your veterinarian to identify and manage any allergies your dog has — this may involve dietary changes, environmental modifications or medication.
5. Keep nails trimmed
Long nails can scratch the ears when a dog shakes its head or scratches. Regular nail trims reduce the risk of accidental injury.
6. Watch playtime
Dogs that play rough, or interact with animals known for ear-biting, have a higher risk of ear trauma. Supervise play and avoid situations likely to end in an ear injury.
7. Use headgear when advised
If your dog is prone to ear injuries or has a history of hematoma, your veterinarian may recommend headgear such as an Elizabethan collar during periods of increased risk.
8. Prevent matting
Regular brushing and combing all the way to the skin, along with professional grooming appointments, go a long way toward preventing matting-induced hematomas.
If you notice any signs of a hematoma or suspect an ear injury, seek veterinary attention promptly. Early intervention helps prevent complications and ensures proper treatment.
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This article is general grooming information from our team. It is not veterinary advice. If you have any concerns about your pet's health, please speak to your veterinarian.